CND Theory has the potential to create a more cohesive framework that bridges the gap between general relativity and quantum theory (page 2)

Integrating General Relativity and Quantum Theory

1. Domain of Applicability

• General Relativity:
  • Describes the gravitational force and the curvature of spacetime on a macroscopic scale.
  • Applicable to large-scale structures like planets, stars, galaxies, and the universe as a whole.
  • Key Concept: Spacetime curvature caused by mass and energy.
• Quantum Theory:
  • Describes the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, including subatomic particles and fundamental forces.
  • Applicable to microscopic phenomena and interactions between particles.
  • Key Concept: Probabilistic nature of particle states and interactions.

2. Key Differences and Conflicts

• Determinism vs. Probabilism:
  • General Relativity: Fundamentally deterministic; given initial conditions, the future behavior of a system can be precisely predicted.
  • Quantum Theory: Fundamentally probabilistic; only probabilities of different outcomes can be predicted.
• Spacetime and Gravity:
  • General Relativity: Gravity is described as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy.
  • Quantum Theory: Struggles to describe gravity in the same framework as other fundamental forces (strong, weak, electromagnetic).
• Singularities and Infinities:
  • General Relativity: Predicts singularities (e.g., inside black holes, the Big Bang) where physical quantities become infinite.
  • Quantum Theory: Avoids singularities by using probabilistic wave functions, but struggles to reconcile with the infinite values predicted by general relativity.

3. Efforts to Reconcile the Theories

• Quantum Gravity:
  • A field of research focused on developing a unified theory that incorporates both general relativity and quantum mechanics.
  • Approaches include string theory, loop quantum gravity, and other models that aim to describe gravity at the quantum level.
• String Theory:
  • Proposes that fundamental particles are not point-like but rather one-dimensional “strings” that vibrate at different frequencies.
  • Attempts to incorporate all fundamental forces, including gravity, into a single theoretical framework.
• Loop Quantum Gravity:
  • An alternative approach that quantizes spacetime itself, proposing that spacetime has a discrete structure at the smallest scales.
  • Aims to reconcile the principles of general relativity and quantum mechanics.

4. Recent Developments

• Quantum Cosmology:
  • Studies the application of quantum principles to the entire universe, particularly in the context of the early universe and cosmic inflation.
  • Explores how quantum fluctuations in the early universe could have led to the large-scale structure observed today.
• Holographic Principle:
  • Suggests that the entire universe can be described by information encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary (like a hologram).
  • This principle has potential implications for reconciling general relativity and quantum mechanics, particularly in the context of black holes.

While general relativity and quantum theory have significant disagreements, ongoing research in quantum gravity, string theory, loop quantum gravity, and related fields aims to develop a unified framework that reconciles these differences. Cosmo Numerical Dynamics theory also contributes to this effort by providing a new perspective on integrating these fundamental theories.

_{Exploring Quantum Gravity: Why General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics Conflict :
The Holographic Universe}